Market Structure and Technological Change Policy

Question: Examine about the Market Structure and Technological Change Policy. Answer: Presentation: A characteristic imposing business model is a kind of restraining infrastructure that happens because of high fixed expenses just as startup costs so as to work a business in a definite industry. This circumstance happens when a solitary firm can gracefully the whole interest of the market for a ware or administration at a lower cost when contrasted with different firms. This sort of syndication doesn't happen because of complicity or forceful takeovers. One of the most widely recognized instances of normal imposing business model is the utilities business. Because of significant expense structure of an industry, characteristic restraining infrastructure happens. So as to offer the most reduced unit cost to clients, regular syndications utilizes constrained assets all the more strongly (Baldwin Scott, 2013) Investigation A market alludes to a specific spot where wares are obtained just as sold. Be that as it may, in economies, advertise shows a specific spot just as a whole territory where buyers and merchants of a product are spread. Contingent upon the attributes of rivalry, a market is generally organized in various manners. One of the most well-known extraordinary types of market rivalry is flawless rivalry. The most significant attributes of flawless rivalry are huge number of purchasers and dealers. Subsequently, the interest of individual buyer similar to the all out interest is immaterial and thus, he can't convince the cost of the item by his individual activity (Lun, Hilmola, Goulielmos, Lai, Cheng, 2013). Under flawless rivalry, the flexibly of an individual merchant is excessively little when contrasted with the complete yield and thus, he can't convince the expense of the item by his activity alone. Another most basic trademark is that the organizations are allowed to enter or leave the business. Every one of the firm under flawless rivalry fabricates and sells a homogenous decent. The dealers additionally don't have a free value strategy under this market structure (Baldwin Scott, 2013). The above figure shows the imposing business model market structure under which there is just a single maker or vender of a specific item. Accordingly, there is no contrast between a firm and industry under this market structure. There is no opposition under this market structure in regards to the assembling or selling of a specific products or administrations. There is a solitary maker and he is viewed as the value creator. Power organizations are the most widely recognized sort of model under restraining infrastructure (Bauer, 2013) The above figure shows the difference in a firm from entirely serious market to a restraining infrastructure advertise. Under the ideal rivalry, firms generally win ordinary benefits where value approaches peripheral expense. Under totally serious market, firms produce at value Pm an amount of Qm. The diagram shows the convergence of interest and gracefully bend so as to assess the cost and amount of an item. The significant motivation behind the chart is to show that request of a firm no longer remain completely flexible as the firm gets moved from entirely serious market to syndication advertise. The diagram shows that under immaculate rivalry, X-hub is equal to the flat straight line. Notwithstanding, the MR (minimal income) bend is underneath the AR bend under imposing business model market (Baumol Blinder, 2015) It is imperative to comprehend the structure of the market in which a firm works as it assists with deciding the complete number of firms in the market. It likewise assists with deciding how much the business is vertically fused. The turnover of clients is likewise decided with the assistance of market structure (Hawley, 2015) The common imposing business models economies of scale are significant so least proficient scale isn't practiced until the firm has gotten extremely huge comparable to the complete size of the market. Least proficient scale is the degree of yield at which all scale economies are abused. Normal imposing business models are well known in business sectors for basic administrations that require a select foundation so as to convey the product or administration. As there is a likelihood to abuse restraining infrastructure power, the administrations for the most part tend to nationalize just as manage them. There are a few disservices that are related with normal restraining infrastructure and the most well-known kind of weakness is that there is no client power. Clients are additionally likely get accused of significant expenses for low quality items and administrations. The absence of rivalry likewise prompts low quality items and furthermore obsolete administrations (Carvalho Marques, 20 14) The administration mediates in the market of common restraining infrastructure with the target of diminishing the dead weight reduction and increment social government assistance. As indicated by the perspectives on (Redmond, 2013), during normal imposing business model, the maker has the capability of expanding the benefit by expanding the cost at such an elevated level, that the shoppers utility decreases quickly. The administration counters this circumstance by diminishing the value level of the normal imposing business model. The circumstance can be delineated in the figure underneath: As appeared in the figure over, the maker who is creating in the normal restraining infrastructure market can deliver where his minimal cost (MC) is equivalent to the negligible income (MR). This causes him in charging a value level of Pm at which the yield provided is Qm. As expressed by (Stiglitz, 2015), this causes the general public to bring about a misfortune. This is known as the dead weight reduction. The purchasers likewise lose an extent of their buyer excess. To adjust the circumstance the administration mediates in the common imposing business model market. The legislature can set a value level which will expand the social government assistance and furthermore advantage the buyers and the maker too. Following the perspectives on (Scitovsky, 2013), the legislature can set the value level where the minimal expense is equivalent to the interest bend or the normal income bend of the monopolist. This will expand the degree of productivity in the market. It will likewise profit the purchasers as the value level (Pe) will be a lot of lower than the restraining infrastructure level of Pm. The amount provided at this degree of cost by the maker will likewise increment from Qm to Qe. In any case, at the same time, the maker will bring about a misfortune. At the yield level Qm the maker will just get his negligible expense of creation. The minor expense of creation just associates with the complete variable expense of creation. The complete fixed cost will be still there for the maker. On the off chance that by selling Qe amount the maker just gets the negligible cost, he will bring about a misfortune. The essential goal of the administration is to expand the social government assistance and lessen dead weight reduction. At the same time, if the administration makes the value roof at Pe, the organization will acquire a misfortune as his all out expense of creation won't be recuperated by selling at the degree of amount Qe. Subsequently, the goal of the legislature to expand social government assistance won't be met now in spite of the fact that the effectiveness level will increment in the general public. As expressed by (Lim, 2015), at this degree of value there is an opportunity of the maker leaving the market as the maker has no chance to get of social event his fixed expense again from the market. As expressed by (Schubert, 2013), to address this issue the legislature can diminish the degree of cost to that level where the normal income (AR) is equivalent to the normal absolute cost (AC). This circumstance can likewise be composed as: the administration can set the value level by then where the interest is equivalent to the normal expense. Here, the value level will be Pr and the amount will be Qr. Now of creation, the market appears to be like a completely serious market. Now of creation the degree of value rice is more noteworthy than Pe and lower than Pm. The amount provided at this degree of value, Qr, is more noteworthy than Qm and lower than Qe. This shows the buyers won't be in an ideal situation at this degree of cost than in the restraining infrastructure value level. The amount provided at this degree of cost is additionally a lot higher which will profit the customers. In the perspectives on (Simon, 2015), the social government assistance will likewise increment at this degree of cost. There will be no dead weight reduction related to this degree of creation. The maker will likewise can recoup the expense of creation and subsequently won't acquire a misfortune. The maker can appreciate typical benefit at this degree of creation, which isn't the situation at value level Pe. Thus, it will profit the purchaser, maker, and the general public also. Going amiss from the value yield mix (Pr, Qr) will make any of the market specialists more awful off. Subsequently, it very well may be said that this mix speaks to a success win circumstance. End There are different kinds of market structure that can be available in an economy with respect to a decent or an assistance. The restraining infrastructure showcase likewise can be separated into various classes like unadulterated imposing business model, regular syndication, and others. In the event of unadulterated imposing business model, the maker needs to ensure that there stays a hindrance to enter the market for different makers. For this reason he utilizes his assets, which thusly expands his expense of creation. The regular imposing business model presents a circumstance where the syndication advertise exists with no such activity taken by the maker. This circumstance gives the maker the capability of charging a value which can prompt market disappointment because of wastefulness and accordingly, the general public can bring about a dead weight reduction. The customers will likewise be more terrible off. The administration accordingly mediates in a characteristic restraining infrastructure advertise. The goal of the administration is to diminish the dead weight reduction of the general public and to assist the shoppers with getting a specific degree of utility. For this reason, the legislature will set the cost of the product or administration at a level where the normal income or the interest is equivalent to the normal expense. This will guarantee that the buyers will pay less for the items and the social government assistance will be expanded. The maker will likewise appreciate ordinary benefit here. It

Bartleby And Civil Disobedience Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Bartleby And Civil Disobedience Essay, Research Paper The profoundly improved meaning of common rebelliousness given by Webster s Dictionary is peaceful protection from a statute through refusal to follow with it, on confirmations of second thoughts. Thoreau in Civil Disobedience and Martin Luther King in Letter from Birmingham Jail both contend that Torahs thought of each piece out of line in one s head ought to non be clung to. In Herman Melville s Bartleby, a grown-up male named Bartleby is thought of by numerous individuals to rehearse common rebelliousness. His activities are peaceful, and he will not follow with anything his foreman says. In any case, his conduct has nil to make with moral intentions. Bartleby is basically an alone feline who does non wish to work and has nil to make with common resistance. Thoreau says that if injustice is of such a nature, that it expects you to be the operator of shamefulness to another, so I state interfere with the statute ( Jacobus 134 ) . We will compose a custom article test on Bartleby And Civil Disobedience Essay Research Paper or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page He is specifically giving consent for a man to ignore anything the individual finds ethically unsatisfactory. Be that as it may, in Bartleby, Bartleby s manager topographic focuses no unjustifiable Torahs and relegates no out of line work. He only asks Bartleby to make simple endeavors, for example, when those archives are totally duplicated, I will contrast them and you, or, just measure around the Post Office, won T you? What's more, check whether there is anything for me ( Melville 116 ) . The foreman, who is other than the narrator, neer solicitations Bartleby to execute any difficult employments. Martin Luther King, Jr. s perusing of an out of line statute is, a codification that a numerical or force mass gathering constrains a minority gathering to obey yet does non do official on itself ( Jacobus 159 ) . The injustic nutrient E depicted here by King other than does non fit the word picture of Bartleby s foreman. Bartleby needs no polite resistance since nil could be viewed as out of line in the foreman s course. Regardless of whether an unreasonable demonstration were set against Bartleby, he would non hold had any considerations about the shamefulness. He was a grown-up male who required a topographic point to populate and take to be a law-copyist. He wants to make any work and no craving to cooperate with different universes. Whenever a request was given, a similar reaction would reply from Bartleby s oral depression: I would lean toward non to ( Melville ) . Bartleby did non gauge the issues of ethical quality and unethical behavior in his assignments. He just does non want to cover with others. When requested to investigate some work with Turkey and Nipping, he won't. His foreman offers him a spot, and he rejects this each piece great. The stoping footer to Bartleby territories that Bartleby s old calling was an auxiliary assistant in the Dead Letters Office in Washington. The dead letters he took care of had no relationship to any populating person. Bartleby was acclimated with working at a topographic point where covering with grown-up male is unneeded. As Thoreau says, Dead letters! Does it non sound like dead work powers? ( Melville 140 ) . Bartleby has no association with common rebelliousness. Ruler and Thoreau s musings of what common resistance is do non fit up with the activities of Bartleby. Bartleby was non looking to do an announcement against out of line Torahs by non remaining by them. He was only a solitary wolf. Every one of his refusals to make what was requested originated from his interest to be isolated from humankind. Bartleby only needed to populate without anyone else with nil however his ain plans to cover with.

Minimize Vacation Spending Guilt - OppLoans

Minimize Vacation Spending Guilt - OppLoans Minimize Vacation Spending Guilt Minimize Vacation Spending GuiltGet away and feel good about it.Vacations can often leave us feeling guilty and stressed when we return home. Or even worse, sometimes we start worrying before the vacation is over because of the money we are spending and the work we are missing.But vacations should make you feel good! Why else would you pay for them?Unfortunately, these feelings of guilt and stress aren’t uncommon. Recent research conducted by OppLoans found 49% of surveyed Americans felt vacation-related guilt due to spending. Additionally, the report said, “Of those who experienced guilt, 83% said it primarily set in after vacation â€" not when they were spending.”That is why we spoke to the experts to find out how you can turn your guilty pleasures into regular pleasures, and come back from vacation feeling better than ever.Prepare in advanceYour workday probably keeps you busy enough. You do not want to add anything else to your regular workload. Still, taking some extra tim e to make sure your work will be covered while you are gone will go a long way towards minimizing the guilt or concern you may feel when you are away.“Make sure that you leave your work in a good place in the office before you go,” says Patricia Thompson, Ph.D., corporate psychologist and president of Silver Lining Psychology. “Tie up loose ends and make sure your colleagues know how to keep up with any of the duties that will need to be done in your absence. That way, you will not have to feel as though the people at your workplace will have to suffer because of your absence.”Depending on your job, you may need to utilize some creative thinking when leaving instructions for your coworkers.“I create a brief list of possible scenarios that could occur while I am away, along with steps to take in case any of those take place,” says Staffo Dobrev, budget travel expert at bus and train travel booking platform Wanderu. “That way, I am confident everything will be effectivel y taken care of while I am away and I will not spend my vacation worrying or feeling guilty that I have left my projects unattended.”Budget wellWhen it comes to making the kind of vacation plans that will lead to less guilt, it is not just about making sure things back home will keep going without you. It is also important to have a plan in place that will keep you from spending your way into guilt.“A lot of us feel guilty after indulgent spending following trips, and then end up realizing we never needed the goods or services in the first place,” suggests Beverly Friedmann, who works for consumer review site ReviewingThis. “So going into your vacation with a set allotment for spending may not seem very fun, but it is certainly pragmatic and can prevent a lot of post trip-guilt.”Additionally, making smart travel plans, such as booking flights and hotels for a low-traffic time of year, are just a couple of ways to cut down on spending.“If there is a huge demand and limite d supply of hotel rooms, the chance of you scoring a bargain is pretty slim, because hotel owners know that someone else will come along with the money they want,” says travel writer Anthony Bianco in our blog post on cutting vacation costs. “Trying to book early can help, or trying to find a spot [during] either side of peak demand will reduce costs.”Cash outIt is impossible to overuse your credit cards on vacation if you do not use your credit cards on vacation. Sticking to an all-cash plan can help with that.“It is very easy to lose track of the amount of money you spend when you rely only on credit cards, so using cash makes it easy to physically see how much money you are spending and how much you have left,” Dobrev advises. “In fact, when you mainly use cash, you may end up spending even less than you originally accounted for because you are more prone to stop and think whether you want to give away your hard-earned money on something frivolous compared to just swi ping a credit card with the justification that you will deal with it later.”OppLoans’ research report revealed a variety of financial disasters that awaited those who overspent on vacation, including:Taking on excessive credit card debt (49%)Missing important payments (34%)Taking out personal loans (16%)Borrowing money from friends and family (34%)Remember the importance of relaxationOne reason you may feel guilty going on vacation is because it can feel selfish and frivolous. But not only do you probably deserve a vacation, your employer may be better off.“Recognize the benefits that vacations serve in your life,” Thompson advises. “We all know that they make us feel better, but think about how refreshed and more productive you will be upon your return to work.” Not that you should live just to serve your employer. Vacations can offer essential benefits to your own well-being, which in the long term, can impact your medical expenses.“Vacations benefit your health,” Thomson says. “A classic study found that men who don’t take vacations had a 30% increased chance of having a heart attack. This number was 50% for women.”Unless you have your dream job, there are probably more important things to you in your life than work. Vacations can be a great time to recharge with the ones you love, and that is nothing to be guilty about.Looking for some tips to help you cope with your financial stress post-vacation? We have some for you right here.ContributorsThe Travel Tart (sometimes known as Anthony Bianco) is a self-proclaimed travel addict who will find any excuse to travel. He discovered he really enjoyed traveling the world when he was sent to a former war zone for work â€" Kosovo â€" as his first venture outside of Australia and New Zealand.   This created a habit of visiting places that most package tourists avoid like the plague. He has since traveled to more than 50 countries across six continents. He writes about the funny, offbeat, and wei rd aspects of world travel today and has appeared in numerous publications online, in print, and even on radio. Follow him @TheTravelTart.Staffo Dobrev  is the budget travel expert at bus and train travel booking platform  Wanderu. Prior to joining Wanderu, Dobrev spent five years working in the entertainment industry as a public relations specialist for various fashion and lifestyle brands, as well as for leading Hollywood talent and film projects. Having lived in some of the greatest cities in the world, Dabrov has always had a soft spot for travel and adventures. Instead of hitting the usual tourist attractions though, he prefers to make friends with local people and check out fun places and activities that are not in the travel books. Follow him @GoWanderu.Beverly Friedmann  works as a content manager for the consumer website  ReviewingThis,  has a background in sales and marketing management, and is from New York, NY.   Find more information on Twitter  @ReviewingThis.Patricia Thompson, Ph.D., is president of Silver Lining Psychology, a management consulting firm devoted to helping organizations and the people within them to flourish. She is a corporate psychologist, executive coach, speaker, and author whose expertise has been featured on sites like the Harvard Business Review, Fast Company, Entrepreneur, Time, and many others.

Public Sector Human Resources Management Memorandum

PUBLIC SECTOR HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT MEMORANDUM To: The State Personnel Board – New Mexico From: Annie Nguyen, Human Resources Analyst Subject: Reclassification for Employees of the State of New Mexico Date: November 24th, 2015 CC: Human Resources Director, State of New Mexico ________________________________________ I. Issue Identification: This memo presents an analysis of the employment classifications for the state employees of New Mexico, specifically an analysis of the discrepancies that have been brought up regarding a position within the Human Services Department and the Department of Labor. Currently, the position of â€Å"Employment Counselor† in the State of New Mexico holds two different classifications under the Department of Labor (DOL) and the Human Services Department (HSD). Ms. Rose Paddock, an Employment Counselor for the state of New Mexico under HSD has acquired assistance from her union, the American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees (AFSCME), Local #2839 as they believe that the State of New Mexico has violated the principle of a public sector organization by not grouping the identical positions in the same classification. The issue at hand is whether same job titles can be classified differently by an employer even if the job specifications and qua lifications are the same; the only difference is that these state employees are placed in different departments. II. 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Essay about Napoleon - 790 Words

During rough times in France in the late 1700amp;#8217;s, an anarchy was being formed. A revolution turned into civil war and the people were unhappy and needed a leader. At this time, General Napoleon Bonaparte took an opportunity. Napoleonamp;#8217;s fame for winning battles in the Middle East and Egypt and crushing royalist uprisings back at home allowed him to take over the Directory with ease. Recognized for his great military skills and outstanding leadership, Napoleon easily won over the hearts of the people.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Napoleonamp;#8217;s first move was to obtain leadership. With the help of Pope Pius VII Napoleon was named First Consul of France. Though France was now declared an empire, it was technically a†¦show more content†¦Though many accomplishments were shown in government as well as religion, Napoleonamp;#8217;s main interests were focused on building an empire. After defeating Italy and Austria, and persuading Russia to withdraw from the war, Napoleon named himself Emperor. Though Napoleon was very successful on land and in battles, he also had many unsuccessful attempts. Napoleonamp;#8217;s rage against Britain remained unsuccessful. He attempted many tactics against the British army. At the Battle of Trafalgar, Napoleonamp;#8217;s loss was severe. The unexpected raid of the British admiral Lord Nelson, forced Napoleon to lose. Soon after this loss, Napoleon attempted to force Economic Blockades on Britain called the Continental System. He demanded that his conquered countries not trade with Britain, and asked Russia and Prussia to participate. The British counter to this move was to demand that any ship going to Europe, was to report in to Great Britain first. After a while, the French Navy was not able to hold off the British navy and the Continental System failed. The French Economy soon worsened and Napoleon continued to expand his empire. Napoleon then made many more moves stirring up more trouble. He named his brothers kings in conquered countries, and removed the Holy Roman Empire, setting up the Confederation of the Rhine. This angered the Prussians, causing them to declare war. The Prussian uprisings were easily conquered by the French. As Napoleon conqueredShow MoreRelatedThe Napoleon Complex2927 Words   |  12 Pagesmention Napoleon is the idea of a short, angry, and bossy little man who is aggressive to compensate for being little, in other words having a Napoleon Complex. Ironically the idea that Napoleon was a short man is false as he was average height for his size at the time. A more useful way to look at a Napoleon complex would be to describe it as, a person who is driven by a perceived handicap to overcompensate in other aspects, in their lives. 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The World s Dependence On Fossil Fuels - 1706 Words

The World’s Dependence on Fossil Fuels Introduction: When you think of fossil fuels what comes to mind? Perhaps you think of the massive oil rigs set up around the world or maybe your mind wonders to how fossil fuels formed in the Earth millions of years ago. Truthfully the full extent of our usage of fossil fuels around the world is widely not realized. Around the Christmas season as you decorate your Christmas trees consider this: if your Christmas tree is artificial then it is likely manufactured with fossil fuels. The lights, ornaments, and other various decorations are made using fossil fuels as well. Even something as simple as getting ready in the morning likely involves at least three items whose manufacturing required the usage of fossil fuels. Fossil fuel is being used at an alarming rate across the world and doesn’t show any signs of slowing. Despite this, our great dependence is rarely addressed. This discussion is meant to highlight the world’s dependence on fossil fuels, the impact on the world if we were to run out of fossil fuels, and how we can wean ourselves away from this dependence on a resource that is nonrenewable and disappearing quickly. Section I: The World’s Dependence on Fossil Fuels We as humans often do not think in macro terms. Rather, we tend to think in the micro perspective. What is directly affecting us at this very moment? That is the subject that is on our minds. 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Business and Administration Level free essay sample

Political factors, examples include; Government (policies, regulations, grants and the government as a client or customer), International (conflict, political change, pressure groups and trade policies), Legislation (domestic, European, future legislation, and international legislation). Economic factors, examples include; Domestic (competitors behaviour, economic performance of businesses in the UK, trends, tax and interest rates), International (competitors behaviour, economy, economic trends, tax, interest rates, exchange rates and trade issues). Social factors, examples include; Advertising and PR, brands and image, consumer attitudes, consumer buying preferences, demographics, ethical issues, events, media views. Technological factors, examples include; Ability to install new technology (and of competitors to do so), emerging new technologies, funding for technological research, development and implementation, intellectual property rights, technology legislation and the technological life cycle. Section 2 – Understand the purpose of supporting change in a business environment 1. Identify the main reasons for reviewing working methods, products and / or services in a business environment. In a business environment nothing stays the same and therefore it is likely that there will be continual review of the working methods, products or services to ensure that they are still suitable and efficient. We will write a custom essay sample on Business and Administration Level or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A company will want to review its services and products so that it keeps up to date with the expectations of its customers. This will ensure the company can stay competitive and/or meet its targets/objectives. A change to a service or product offered by the company could mean that related procedures need to be reviewed to ensure they are still correct. You will find that in most businesses there is a continual process of reviewing the working methods or services, making changes to improve them, reviewing these changes and then making further changes. 2. When a business is going through change: a) Describe the different types of support that people may need. Different types of support that people may need when a business is going through a change can consist of; Planning: This is important so that everyone in the business knows what is happening and when, Participation: It is important to let employees get involved with the changes if possible, Communication: This is important so that everyone in the business knows what changes are being made, what to expect from the changes, how the changes will effect them and their colleagues, why the changes are happening. Training: It is important to let employees get the right training and knowledge to work effectively with the new changes that are put in place. b) Explain the benefits of working with others. The benefits of working with others when a business is going through a change are numerous, employees may become more energetic, more likely to learn new information, more sociable with colleagues, employees feel encouraged and it helps employees feel less isolated. Section 3 – Understand how to respond to change in a business environment 1. In relation to your current business environment (or one that you are familiar with): a) Explain why you should respond positively to changes in working methods. Responding positively to changes in working methods reduces any difficulties that may arise, which in turn helps the change to progress on time without disruption, it helps smooth the transition in the changes that are being implemented, everything can progress faster. ) Explain why you should respond positively to changes in products or services. Responding positively to changes in products or services reduces difficulties from the product or service, which in turn helps to progress on time or faster without disruption, it helps smooth the transition in the changes that are being implemented. c) Identify ways of responding positively to change. Ways to respond positively to change can consist of; A willingness to learn, this can include new skills and procedures. A willingness to teach, this can include the sharing of knowledge, skills and experience with others who do not have them. A willingness to solve problems, this can include finding a solution and implementing it. Maintaining a positive outlook, this can include doing the best you can in the circumstances that are presented.

Shes Come Undone free essay sample

Come Undone (1992) tells the story of her life through the experience of television and how it warped her sensibilities and took the place of her parents in creating values by which to live. She suffers from eating disorders and is institutionalized. The novel is also written in the first person, which means that Dolores herself is telling the story. This may lead to issues of an unreliable narrator — is television really the central moment in her life? Are her memories of her early childhood, which are all based around television, even accurate. As Dolores notes at the beginning: â€Å"Dolores, look! † my mother says. A star appears at the center of the green glass face. It grows outward and becomes two women at a kitchen table, the owner of the voices. I begin to cry. Who shrank these women? Are they alive? Real? Its 1956; Im four years old. This isnt what Ive expected. We will write a custom essay sample on Shes Come Undone or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The two men and my mother smile at my fright, delight in it. Or else, theyre sympathetic and consoling. My memory of that day is like television itself, sharp and clear but unreliable. (Lamb 1992, p. 4) Speaking from the vantage point of a forty year-old woman reminiscing about her life, the issue of unreliable emerges a number of times, but ultimately it is clear that Dolores can be believed to the extent that she herself is aware of the complications of memory, especially in a life as full as trauma as hers. The story takes Dolores from a child living in a small town, to a rape in adolescence, through an attempt at college to find love through deceit, to time spent in a mental institution, to her release and attempts at forging a life of her own. Her parents divorce comes at a time when she is navigating her way through adolescence and most needs their support. Her body is changing, her feelings are confused, and she needs someone to care for her and guide her through this difficult time in life. Unsure about why her parents are divorcing, Dolores is angry with her father for his departure and subsequent remarriage. Preoccupied with her own grief the heartache of losing a child, the reality of her husbands unfaithfulness, and the loss of her husband and marriage Doloress mother is emotionally unavailable to her daughter. Eventually, the mothers hospitalization and confinement to an institution leaves her daughter in the temporary care of a less-than-loving grandmother. At a critical point in her development, adolescence, Dolores has her innocence stolen. She becomes a victim of rape; the incident causes a host of difficulties and ultimately leads her to attempt to take her own life. Jack Speight is a young, attractive, personable disc jockey. He drives a convertible sports car and lives with his wife in the apartment above Dolores. He takes advantage of Doloress low self-esteem, spending time chatting and teasing her with his smile, giving her rides to and from school, and generally making her feel good about herself. Since her fathers departure, Dolores has longed for male attention. After he explains that two incidents in which he fondled Dolores are just his way of fooling around, Jack forcibly rapes Dolores. He immediately threatens to kill himself and his wife if Dolores tells anyone about what happened. Doloress immediate response after the rape is to bathe, in an effort to not only wash away the blood from the rape, but to wash away the shame that overwhelms her. Doloress mother chooses not to press charges again Speight. She asks Dolores to pretend the rape never took place. Doloress grandmother treats the teen as if she is a dangerous stranger. She acknowledges the rape only once, using the phrase that business with him (Lamb 1992, p. 120). She begins to indulge Dolores, not as a victim, but as someone on whose good side she felt safer ( Lamb 1992, p. 20). After one brief session with a psychiatrist, Dolores refuses to continue treatment and begins to suffer the consequences of her silence. She becomes depressed, develops an eating disorder that causes her to balloon up to 257 pounds, is angry, bitter, and once again, all alone. Even after marrying, she is bullied by her husband into having an abortion, and who himself is a sexual predator. Ultimately, Dolores believes that the r ape is what made her come undone and with the help of her second husband, she hopes to regain her life. Axis I Dolores clearly suffers from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) due to her rape and the lack of social support both before and after it. She also suffers from poor impulse control, which explains the indulgences that led to her eating disorder, her ill-considered marriage, her solitary same-sex encounter with a woman who admired and appreciated her obese body, and her suicide attempt. The disorder may also be considered a separate disorder, specifically Binge Eating Disorder. Dolores engaged in what is called emotional eating after her rape, which means that her relationship to food was profoundly altered — it was seen as a source of comfort (in much the same way TV was previously in her life) Dolores is also suffering from depression for much of the course of her life. Her extreme interest in television from an early age and the distance from her parents suggests a craving for instant gratification and reduced desire/drive for physical activity from early on. She was at least experiencing mild depression (dysthymia) early in life, due to her parents divorce. Her suicide attempt is certainly a significant sign of deep depression, which can be easily traced back to her rape. The trauma turned a mild depression into a significant, perhaps even profound depression. Axis II Dolores is of average and perhaps above average intelligence. She shows no signs of mental retardation. Doloress obesity, her intense interest in television, and her cleanliness rituals especially post-rape suggest some level of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Her inability to form lasting relationships and unfamiliarity with many basic social signals — including those that revealed to readers at least that Speight was a predator, as was Doloress first husband — suggests some placement on the autism spectrum may be appropriate. Dolores should be tested for Aspergers Syndrome. Axis III Doloress obesity, even if she loses the weight, may have long-term health effects. Heart trouble, high blood pressure and high cholesterol, diabetes, joint and back pain, and every other issue that could emerge from a drastic weight gain of over 100 pounds can emerge. Dolores may also experience fertility problems due to extreme weight fluctuations. The desire to lose weight, especially given the possible OCD and need for instant gratification printed above, can also lead to yo-yo dieting, binge disorders, and other problems common to attempting to lose weight quickly. Axis IV Doloress own narrative highlights the importance of television in her childhood. In many ways, Dolores was typical of the post-World War II suburban middle class. After a long Depression and the rationing of war, her generation was born into relative privilege. The television became the center of both the new consumer-oriented society and family life, leading to significant social dislocation. In addition to television, the postwar era saw a rise in the status of women, which led in turn to an increase in sexual ideas and divorce. Naturally, the power to divorce and too freely choose ones sexual partners is a social positive good, but in the 1950s and early 1960s the nuclear family was in flux due to these social issues. Dolores was thus abandoned by her father and spent much of her early life looking for a replacement father figure. Her mother, ill herself, did not have the social support network to maintain either a standard of living or a loving home environment for Dolores. Eventually, Dolores is shuttled off to a grandmother who is both emotionally distant and out of touch with the realities of changing American society. Dolores grew up in an era of changing sexual mores and was not adequately prepared for becoming a sexual being. This is not to blame the rape on her; simply put, she could not even conceive of herself as a sexual victim due to male-dominated social rules meshing with changing sexual mores. She thus blamed herself and took the trauma out on herself by drastically changing her body. Her lack of a father figure and experience with sexual trauma led her to find a husband that is also distant and as it turned out a sexual predator attracted to young girls. As an obese woman, Dolores experienced a same-sex encounter, as she felt uncomfortable around and repulsive to men. Same-sex sexual encounters are not deviant or a sign of mental illness, but do show the extent of the changing sexual mores in society during Doloress youth and adulthood. Finally, Dolores came of age before de-institutionalization in the 1980s, and thus spent seven years institutionalized, including several years as an impatient. This would likely not have happened had she been born twenty years later, and had she been born ten years earlier, Dolores may have had an even longer stay under institutional care. Her institutionalization may further hamper her career goals and economic status and could thus have an indirect impact on her general health. AXIS V 51 Two defense mechanisms Dolores uses in the course of her life include undoing — which is so profound the book is even named after it — and humor. Doloress weight gain was essentially an attempt to undo herself as a sexual being. This is clearly a response to the rape, but also has a deeper root; she has had almost no satisfactory physical contact. When she asked her grandmother to hug her, for example, The request seemed to startle her, but she obliged me. Her small body felt stiff and unnatural. . . . I sobbed and shook against her. Her body wouldnt relax. (Lamb 1992, p. 41) Her size undoes her negative thought: that there is something wrong with her as a human being that makes her unlovable. With the extreme weight gain, Dolores gives herself an excuse to be alone — nobody loves her or wants to be close to her because of her physiciality, not because of what she is as a person. Her second major defense mechanism is humor. Indeed, Shes Come Undone is readable despite all the horrible things because Dolores as the narrator is so funny. When remarking on her dubious memory in the early going of the book, she nonetheless insists that the TV delivery men were Richard Nixon and David Eisenhower. Her pursuit of Dante through stolen letters is another example of a behavior that would seem almost frightening had she not put such a light spin on her actions. The text of Shes Come Undone can be seen as an extended use of humor as a defense mechanism, though toward the end she does come to a realization about the centrality of her rape as regards her current plight. From the point of view of Eriksonian development, we can see that Dolores failed at some of the basic crises of development. In her middle childhood, she faced the crisis of industry or inferiority. Her parents, being distant, and TV, being aspirational, instilled within her great feelings of inferiority. As an adolescent, she also experienced role confusion rather than a cemented identity as a young woman. In one telling moment in the book, Dolores begins to menstruate — a classic rite of passage for young girls — and tells her mother, who responds Thats great, Dolores. Thanks a lot. Thats just what I need right now, (Lamb 1992, p. 21). This is a solid attack on Doloress identity as a woman and a sexual being, and obviously a major part of her problems to come. Subsequent to adolescence, Dolores failed other crises points from an Eriksonian perspective. She chose isolation over intimacy with her obesity and her cruel putdown of her female lover, Dottie. Her pursuit of Dante in college involved chicanery, as she intercepted letters from Dante to her college roommate and took the roommates role in Dantes life. Deception is at the heart, then, of her first major consensual romantic and sexual relationship — isolation was chosen over intimacy. Now she faces generativity versus stagnation. One can say that the telling of her story now, at age 40, is generative, but it remains to be seen is Dolores can keep from stagnating. From a Freudian point of view, Dolores has an Electra Complex. She desires her distant and then missing father, and resents her mother for driving him away. As an adult, her obesity is a stand-in for pregnancy — women with the Electra Complex which for their fathers to impregnate them in order to overcome penis envy. Upon marrying, Dolores chooses a man much like her father, and he demands that she has an abortion. Thus, she is robbed of the chance to come to terms with her penis envy, having been denied the penis, ultimately, by her husband, who is a stand-in for her father. The Freudian mode also explains the obesity, her theft of her college roomies letters and then boyfriend, and much of the rest of her life. According to Freud, penis envy leads to an undeveloped superego, where societys rules (such as rules against gluttony, homosexuality, deceit, cruelty, etc. ) are injected into the personality. Doloress hunger for her fathers penis is so profound that she ruins her life in an attempt to finally claim it for her own. Further, in order to attract a man like her father, Dolores became much like her mother Bernice (and grandmother Thelma). She is often distant and sarcastic, belittling of others, and is in poor physical shape due to her overeating and obesity. In these ways, she mimics her mother, who was also in poor health, who distrusted her husband (albeit for good reason) and who responded to Doloress attempt to experience love with sarcasm, alienation, and isolation. The TV was the surrogate for motherhood in Doloress early life. Dolores was treated within a mental hospital, both as an inpatient for years and then as an outpatient. While Dolores did attempt to commit suicide at one point — again mimicking her mother, who died in a freak accident — years of institutionalization did little for her. Ultimately, she was treated during an era where single women were still considered somewhat deviant (despite the social revolution of the womens liberation movement happening concurrently) and thus the institutionalization was thus essentially a form of warehousing. It says more about Doloress intelligence and untapped inner resources that she was able to shift toward outpatient status and then, at age 40, finally get on to the life that had been disrupted years before. A humanistic approach to therapy, along with some behavior modification for her eating disorder, likely would have helped Dolores see the centrality of the rape in her life, and would have better allowed her to acknowledge her victimhood in order to transcend it. Further, psychiatric intervention should have happened earlier in Doloress life, at least as early on as the period immediately after her rape. In that era, however, psychology was still seen as somewhat suspect, and Bernice was simply not interested enough in Dolores to make sure she got the help she needed. Dolores Price, for all her problems and traumas, was an intensely interesting person, full of wit and a drive to overcome her own obstacles. This was an illuminating novel to read because psychological and psychiatric practitioners often only see people at their worst, when they come into the office. Its too easy to conceive of ones clients as just a collection of problems to be worked through. Indeed, the necessary professional detachment of a therapist of any sort virtually guarantees this. Shes Come Undone, despite the titular third-person she, is a first-person narrative. An articulate, somewhat self-aware, and ultimately humorous client who is able to go back over her own life and see the problems, the triumphs, and the mistakes with an unjaundiced eye is a rare thing. Obviously, Dolores and her circumstances are the creation of a master novelist, but nonetheless the novel serves as a reminder that even in therapy, we are often only seeing the tip of an iceberg. Shes Come Undone free essay sample Shes Come Undone (1992) tells the story of her life through the experience of television and how it warped her sensibilities and took the place of her parents in creating values by which to live. She suffers from eating disorders and is institutionalized. The novel is also written in the first person, which means that Dolores herself is telling the story. This may lead to issues of an unreliable narrator — is television really the central moment in her life? Are her memories of her early childhood, which are all based around television, even accurate. As Dolores notes at the beginning: â€Å"Dolores, look! † my mother says. A star appears at the center of the green glass face. It grows outward and becomes two women at a kitchen table, the owner of the voices. I begin to cry. Who shrank these women? Are they alive? Real? Its 1956; Im four years old. We will write a custom essay sample on Shes Come Undone or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This isnt what Ive expected. The two men and my mother smile at my fright, delight in it. Or else, theyre sympathetic and consoling. My memory of that day is like television itself, sharp and clear but unreliable. (Lamb 1992, p. 4) Speaking from the vantage point of a forty year-old woman reminiscing about her life, the issue of unreliable emerges a number of times, but ultimately it is clear that Dolores can be believed to the extent that she herself is aware of the complications of memory, especially in a life as full as trauma as hers. The story takes Dolores from a child living in a small town, to a rape in adolescence, through an attempt at college to find love through deceit, to time spent in a mental institution, to her release and attempts at forging a life of her own. Her parents divorce comes at a time when she is navigating her way through adolescence and most needs their support. Her body is changing, her feelings are confused, and she needs someone to care for her and guide her through this difficult time in life. Unsure about why her parents are divorcing, Dolores is angry with her father for his departure and subsequent remarriage. Preoccupied with her own grief the heartache of losing a child, the reality of her husbands unfaithfulness, and the loss of her husband and marriage Doloress mother is emotionally unavailable to her daughter. Eventually, the mothers hospitalization and confinement to an institution leaves her daughter in the temporary care of a less-than-loving grandmother. At a critical point in her development, adolescence, Dolores has her innocence stolen. She becomes a victim of rape; the incident causes a host of difficulties and ultimately leads her to attempt to take her own life. Jack Speight is a young, attractive, personable disc jockey. He drives a convertible sports car and lives with his wife in the apartment above Dolores. He takes advantage of Doloress low self-esteem, spending time chatting and teasing her with his smile, giving her rides to and from school, and generally making her feel good about herself. Since her fathers departure, Dolores has longed for male attention. After he explains that two incidents in which he fondled Dolores are just his way of fooling around, Jack forcibly rapes Dolores. He immediately threatens to kill himself and his wife if Dolores tells anyone about what happened. Doloress immediate response after the rape is to bathe, in an effort to not only wash away the blood from the rape, but to wash away the shame that overwhelms her. Doloress mother chooses not to press charges again Speight. She asks Dolores to pretend the rape never took place. Doloress grandmother treats the teen as if she is a dangerous stranger. She acknowledges the rape only once, using the phrase that business with him (Lamb 1992, p. 120). She begins to indulge Dolores, not as a victim, but as someone on whose good side she felt safer ( Lamb 1992, p. 20). After one brief session with a psychiatrist, Dolores refuses to continue treatment and begins to suffer the consequences of her silence. She becomes depressed, develops an eating disorder that causes her to balloon up to 257 pounds, is angry, bitter, and once again, all alone. Even after marrying, she is bullied by her husband into having an abortion, and who himself is a sexual predator. Ultimately, Dolores believes that the r ape is what made her come undone and with the help of her second husband, she hopes to regain her life. Axis I Dolores clearly suffers from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) due to her rape and the lack of social support both before and after it. She also suffers from poor impulse control, which explains the indulgences that led to her eating disorder, her ill-considered marriage, her solitary same-sex encounter with a woman who admired and appreciated her obese body, and her suicide attempt. The disorder may also be considered a separate disorder, specifically Binge Eating Disorder. Dolores engaged in what is called emotional eating after her rape, which means that her relationship to food was profoundly altered — it was seen as a source of comfort (in much the same way TV was previously in her life) Dolores is also suffering from depression for much of the course of her life. Her extreme interest in television from an early age and the distance from her parents suggests a craving for instant gratification and reduced desire/drive for physical activity from early on. She was at least experiencing mild depression (dysthymia) early in life, due to her parents divorce. Her suicide attempt is certainly a significant sign of deep depression, which can be easily traced back to her rape. The trauma turned a mild depression into a significant, perhaps even profound depression. Axis II Dolores is of average and perhaps above average intelligence. She shows no signs of mental retardation. Doloress obesity, her intense interest in television, and her cleanliness rituals especially post-rape suggest some level of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Her inability to form lasting relationships and unfamiliarity with many basic social signals — including those that revealed to readers at least that Speight was a predator, as was Doloress first husband — suggests some placement on the autism spectrum may be appropriate. Dolores should be tested for Aspergers Syndrome. Axis III Doloress obesity, even if she loses the weight, may have long-term health effects. Heart trouble, high blood pressure and high cholesterol, diabetes, joint and back pain, and every other issue that could emerge from a drastic weight gain of over 100 pounds can emerge. Dolores may also experience fertility problems due to extreme weight fluctuations. The desire to lose weight, especially given the possible OCD and need for instant gratification printed above, can also lead to yo-yo dieting, binge disorders, and other problems common to attempting to lose weight quickly. Axis IV Doloress own narrative highlights the importance of television in her childhood. In many ways, Dolores was typical of the post-World War II suburban middle class. After a long Depression and the rationing of war, her generation was born into relative privilege. The television became the center of both the new consumer-oriented society and family life, leading to significant social dislocation. In addition to television, the postwar era saw a rise in the status of women, which led in turn to an increase in sexual ideas and divorce. Naturally, the power to divorce and too freely choose ones sexual partners is a social positive good, but in the 1950s and early 1960s the nuclear family was in flux due to these social issues. Dolores was thus abandoned by her father and spent much of her early life looking for a replacement father figure. Her mother, ill herself, did not have the social support network to maintain either a standard of living or a loving home environment for Dolores. Eventually, Dolores is shuttled off to a grandmother who is both emotionally distant and out of touch with the realities of changing American society. Dolores grew up in an era of changing sexual mores and was not adequately prepared for becoming a sexual being. This is not to blame the rape on her; simply put, she could not even conceive of herself as a sexual victim due to male-dominated social rules meshing with changing sexual mores. She thus blamed herself and took the trauma out on herself by drastically changing her body. Her lack of a father figure and experience with sexual trauma led her to find a husband that is also distant and as it turned out a sexual predator attracted to young girls. As an obese woman, Dolores experienced a same-sex encounter, as she felt uncomfortable around and repulsive to men. Same-sex sexual encounters are not deviant or a sign of mental illness, but do show the extent of the changing sexual mores in society during Doloress youth and adulthood. Finally, Dolores came of age before de-institutionalization in the 1980s, and thus spent seven years institutionalized, including several years as an impatient. This would likely not have happened had she been born twenty years later, and had she been born ten years earlier, Dolores may have had an even longer stay under institutional care. Her institutionalization may further hamper her career goals and economic status and could thus have an indirect impact on her general health. AXIS V 51 Two defense mechanisms Dolores uses in the course of her life include undoing — which is so profound the book is even named after it — and humor. Doloress weight gain was essentially an attempt to undo herself as a sexual being. This is clearly a response to the rape, but also has a deeper root; she has had almost no satisfactory physical contact. When she asked her grandmother to hug her, for example, The request seemed to startle her, but she obliged me. Her small body felt stiff and unnatural. . . . I sobbed and shook against her. Her body wouldnt relax. (Lamb 1992, p. 41) Her size undoes her negative thought: that there is something wrong with her as a human being that makes her unlovable. With the extreme weight gain, Dolores gives herself an excuse to be alone — nobody loves her or wants to be close to her because of her physiciality, not because of what she is as a person. Her second major defense mechanism is humor. Indeed, Shes Come Undone is readable despite all the horrible things because Dolores as the narrator is so funny. When remarking on her dubious memory in the early going of the book, she nonetheless insists that the TV delivery men were Richard Nixon and David Eisenhower. Her pursuit of Dante through stolen letters is another example of a behavior that would seem almost frightening had she not put such a light spin on her actions. The text of Shes Come Undone can be seen as an extended use of humor as a defense mechanism, though toward the end she does come to a realization about the centrality of her rape as regards her current plight. From the point of view of Eriksonian development, we can see that Dolores failed at some of the basic crises of development. In her middle childhood, she faced the crisis of industry or inferiority. Her parents, being distant, and TV, being aspirational, instilled within her great feelings of inferiority. As an adolescent, she also experienced role confusion rather than a cemented identity as a young woman. In one telling moment in the book, Dolores begins to menstruate — a classic rite of passage for young girls — and tells her mother, who responds Thats great, Dolores. Thanks a lot. Thats just what I need right now, (Lamb 1992, p. 21). This is a solid attack on Doloress identity as a woman and a sexual being, and obviously a major part of her problems to come. Subsequent to adolescence, Dolores failed other crises points from an Eriksonian perspective. She chose isolation over intimacy with her obesity and her cruel putdown of her female lover, Dottie. Her pursuit of Dante in college involved chicanery, as she intercepted letters from Dante to her college roommate and took the roommates role in Dantes life. Deception is at the heart, then, of her first major consensual romantic and sexual relationship — isolation was chosen over intimacy. Now she faces generativity versus stagnation. One can say that the telling of her story now, at age 40, is generative, but it remains to be seen is Dolores can keep from stagnating. From a Freudian point of view, Dolores has an Electra Complex. She desires her distant and then missing father, and resents her mother for driving him away. As an adult, her obesity is a stand-in for pregnancy — women with the Electra Complex which for their fathers to impregnate them in order to overcome penis envy. Upon marrying, Dolores chooses a man much like her father, and he demands that she has an abortion. Thus, she is robbed of the chance to come to terms with her penis envy, having been denied the penis, ultimately, by her husband, who is a stand-in for her father. The Freudian mode also explains the obesity, her theft of her college roomies letters and then boyfriend, and much of the rest of her life. According to Freud, penis envy leads to an undeveloped superego, where societys rules (such as rules against gluttony, homosexuality, deceit, cruelty, etc. ) are injected into the personality. Doloress hunger for her fathers penis is so profound that she ruins her life in an attempt to finally claim it for her own. Further, in order to attract a man like her father, Dolores became much like her mother Bernice (and grandmother Thelma). She is often distant and sarcastic, belittling of others, and is in poor physical shape due to her overeating and obesity. In these ways, she mimics her mother, who was also in poor health, who distrusted her husband (albeit for good reason) and who responded to Doloress attempt to experience love with sarcasm, alienation, and isolation. The TV was the surrogate for motherhood in Doloress early life. Dolores was treated within a mental hospital, both as an inpatient for years and then as an outpatient. While Dolores did attempt to commit suicide at one point — again mimicking her mother, who died in a freak accident — years of institutionalization did little for her. Ultimately, she was treated during an era where single women were still considered somewhat deviant (despite the social revolution of the womens liberation movement happening concurrently) and thus the institutionalization was thus essentially a form of warehousing. It says more about Doloress intelligence and untapped inner resources that she was able to shift toward outpatient status and then, at age 40, finally get on to the life that had been disrupted years before. A humanistic approach to therapy, along with some behavior modification for her eating disorder, likely would have helped Dolores see the centrality of the rape in her life, and would have better allowed her to acknowledge her victimhood in order to transcend it. Further, psychiatric intervention should have happened earlier in Doloress life, at least as early on as the period immediately after her rape. In that era, however, psychology was still seen as somewhat suspect, and Bernice was simply not interested enough in Dolores to make sure she got the help she needed. Dolores Price, for all her problems and traumas, was an intensely interesting person, full of wit and a drive to overcome her own obstacles. This was an illuminating novel to read because psychological and psychiatric practitioners often only see people at their worst, when they come into the office. Its too easy to conceive of ones clients as just a collection of problems to be worked through. Indeed, the necessary professional detachment of a therapist of any sort virtually guarantees this. Shes Come Undone, despite the titular third-person she, is a first-person narrative. An articulate, somewhat self-aware, and ultimately humorous client who is able to go back over her own life and see the problems, the triumphs, and the mistakes with an unjaundiced eye is a rare thing. Obviously, Dolores and her circumstances are the creation of a master novelist, but nonetheless the novel serves as a reminder that even in therapy, we are often only seeing the tip of an iceberg.

The Tragic Life, Murder Case of Dr. Sam Sheppard

The Tragic Life, Murder Case of Dr. Sam Sheppard Marilyn Sheppard was brutally murdered while her husband, Dr. Sam Sheppard, slept downstairs. Dr. Sheppard was sentenced to life in prison for the murder. He was eventually freed from prison, but the scars of the injustices he had to endure were permanent. Attorney F. Lee Bailey fought for Sheppards freedom, and won. Sam and Marilyn Sheppard Sam Sheppard was voted the man Most Likely to Succeed by his senior high school class. He was athletic, smart, good looking, and came from a good family. Marilyn Sheppard was attractive, with hazel eyes and long brown hair. The two began dating while in high school and eventually married after Sam graduated from the Los Angeles Osteopathic School of Physicians in September 1945. After he had graduated from medical school, Sam continued his studies and received his Doctor of Osteopathy degree. He went to work at the Los Angeles County Hospital. His father, Dr. Richard Sheppard, and his two older brothers Richard and Stephen also doctors, were running a family hospital and convinced Sam to return to Ohio in the summer of 1951 to work in the family practice. By this point, the young couple had a four-year-old son, Samuel Reese Sheppard (Chip), and with a loan from Sams father, they purchased their first home. The home sat on a high cliff overlooking Lake Erie shore in Bay Village, a semi-elite suburb of Cleveland. Marilyn settled into the life of being married to a physician. She was a mother, homemaker, and taught Bible classes at their Methodist Church. A Marriage in Trouble The couple, both sports enthusiasts, spent their leisure time playing golf, water skiing, and having friends over for parties. To most, Sam and Marilyns marriage seemed free of problems, but in truth, the marriage was suffering due to Sams infidelities. Marilyn knew about Sams affair with a former Bay View nurse named Susan Hayes. According to Sam Sheppard, although the couple experienced problems, divorce was never discussed as they worked to revitalize their marriage. Then tragedy struck. A Bushy Haired Intruder On the night of July 4, 1954, Marilyn, who was four months pregnant, and Sam entertained neighbors until midnight. After the neighbors left, Sam fell asleep on the couch and Marilyn went to bed. According to Sam Sheppard, he was awakened by what he thought was his wife calling his name. He ran to their bedroom and saw someone who he described later as a bushy haired man fighting with his wife but was immediately struck on the head, rendering him unconscious. When Sheppard awoke, he checked the pulse of his blood-covered wife and determined she was dead. He then went to check on his son and found him unharmed. Hearing noises coming from downstairs, he ran down and discovered the back door open. He ran outside and could see someone moving toward the lake and as he caught up with him, the two began to fight. Sheppard was struck again and lost consciousness. For months, Sam would describe what happened over and over- but few believed him. Sam Sheppard Is Arrested Sam Sheppard was arrested for the murder of his wife on July 29, 1954. On Dec. 21, 1954, he was found guilty of second-degree murder and sentenced to life in prison. A pre-trial media blitz, a biased judge, and police that focused only on one suspect, Sam Sheppard, resulted in a wrongful conviction that would take years to overturn. Soon after the trial, Sams mother committed suicide on Jan. 7, 1955. Within two weeks, Sams father was dead from a gastric ulcer that hemorrhaged. F. Lee Bailey Fights for Sheppard After the death of Sheppards lawyer, F. Lee Bailey was hired by the family to take over Sams appeals. On July 16, 1964, Judge Weinman freed Sheppard after finding five violations of Sheppards constitutional rights during his trial. The judge said the trial was a mockery of justice. While in prison, Sheppard corresponded with Ariane Tebbenjohanns, a wealthy and beautiful blond woman from Germany. The two married the day after his release from prison. Back to Court In May 1965, a federal appeals court voted to reinstate his conviction. On Nov. 1, 1966, a second trial began, but this time with special attention given to ensuring that Sheppards constitutional rights were protected. After 16 days of testimony, the jury found Sam Sheppard not guilty. Once free, Sam returned to work in medicine, but he also started drinking heavily and using drugs. His life quickly dissolved when he was sued for malpractice after one of his patients died. In 1968, Ariane divorced him and said he had stolen money from her, threatened her physically, and was abusing alcohol and drugs. A Life Lost For a short time, Sheppard got into the world of pro wrestling. He used his neurological background to promote a nerve hold he used in competition. In 1969, he married his wrestling managers 20-year-old daughter- although records of the marriage have never been located. On April 6, 1970, Sam Sheppard died of liver failure as a result of heavy drinking. At the time of his death, he was an insolvent and broken man. His son, Samuel Reese Sheppard (Chip), has devoted his life to clearing his fathers name.

Americana Group Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Americana Group - Research Paper Example Marketing Analysis Marketing environment analysis Marketing environment has major influence on a business. Trend in marketing environment is one of the most important factors to consider for a business or marketer. There are some important factors of marketing environment of business. These are political, economical, social and technological. So, detailed analysis of each of these environmental factors is needed to assess the current overview of marketing environment of Americana Group. Marketing environment has major influence on American group and changes of each of these areas leads to change in the strategic decision with respect to marketing of the products and brands operated by the company in Middle East and North Africa region. Therefore, PEST analysis would provide detailed overview of this market. Political Factors American Group deals with the franchisee business of leading international restaurant chains and manufacturing consumer food products. Generally, political and g overnmental factors impact on food business in any country in a higher extent because food business deals with the most important needs of human beings. This business also has higher risk with respect to hygiene factor. Governments of Middle East countries have several food policies applicable for food businesses and they need to strictly adhere to policies. Apart from the specific food policy, there are several rules and regulations imposed by different countries for domestic as well international business. It is very important for any company operates in this market to comply all concerned rules and regulations of different governmental agencies for successful operation of business... The paper stresses that the company needs to buy stake of the foreign businesses or make partnership with the foreign franchise holders of leading food brands like KFC, Pizza Hut etc to enter into target market. Then it should do partnership business for limited period of time to understand the market potential and the consumption trend of the customers of those businesses. Finally, the company can select the best potential market among the targeted markets and start both manufacturing and selling their own products along with the franchisee business. This would be the best cost effective strategy for the company to diversify into foreign markets. Risk of foreign investment would be minimized through this market testing strategy. Development of effective marketing strategy is also very essential with new product development. So, it needs to invest good amount for promotion of each of new product development. The company can also redesign its old products and introduce them with the n ew product. it can push a new product with the existing popular product line up to minimize the risk of lower demand. This report makes a conclusion that market development strategy will help the company to boost its product development strategy through new product launch in a new market. Economies of scale will also increase through new product launch in the existing market as cost of production and cost of promotion will not much increase. Therefore, both the strategies will be most beneficial for future growth of Americana Group.

History of Organized Crime in the United States Term Paper

History of Organized Crime in the United States - Term Paper Example Criminal organizations often keep their unlawful operations clandestine, and affiliates usually bestow by word of mouth. Bunch of criminals sometimes become amply methodical to be called organized. The work of engaging in criminal action as a structured faction is referred to in the US as racketeering. The Prohibition period of the 1920’s have augmented the organized crime syndicate in the US. Federal hard work to implement prohibition, including raids, was opposed by well-organized bootlegging operations with national as well as international connections. Scandalous groups now and then arise in closely binded migrant groups that do not trust the local police and the law. The Mafia, also known as La Cosa Nostra (Our Thing), or the Mob, is the umbrella name of numerous underground groups in the US. A member of the Mafia is called as Mafioso, or man of honor. Organized crime in US is money-spinning. The 1967 Presidents Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice felt that organized crimes takings was twofold that of the collective take of all other sorts of unlawful activities (Organized Crime. 2010). Charles Lucky luciano, American gangster of Italian origin was one of the famous gangsters of US. He got his nick name â€Å"lucky† after escaping a murder attempt on his life. He was an Italian American gangster with business like approach. He is credited with spiraling syndicate crimes into country wide organization based genuine models. He was born in Sicily and his family moved into New York City in 1906. At his early teens, Luciano established himself as a creative thug on the eastern side of the city. He eventually worked his way out to become one of the trusted lieutenants of crime boss Joe Masseria. During that time Masseria was engaged in turf war with his rival Salvatore Maranzano. Luciano in the meantime made a

Developing Creative Thinking in Teachers

Developing Creative Thinking in Teachers Introduction Communication is a dynamic process in which a transmitter transmits information receiver via a channel , in order to produce some effect on the receptor. Effects of transmitter on the receiver are often persuasive in nature because when we communicate the information will be understood as send us. Any information directed intentionally gets the message. This implies the existence of a recipient or acceptor and not just a receiver or collector . Also involved there is a issue, encoder or decoder court. Communication involves reversal of messages within the relationship which unites two entities, even if the messages are of the same order. Man can communicate with animals, with nature, but the most developed, evolved and of course analyzed is communication within groups of people. This implies the existence of natural or cultural structures and techniques that require organization and regulatory guidelines . Communication implies the existence of individual goals linked to other targets individuals or groups and subgroups. In a subgroup can be shaped by objectives, skills, availability and situations that cause structure. Communication within a group involves specific techniques and exercises by: group organization, group members complete interaction , reporting real and creativity of its members. Creativity is regarded as a property of the human psychic system. It is a particular dimension of personality dimension interacting many factors such as mental ( intellectual, affective, motivational, volitional, skills, attitudes), the nature of social (socio cultural, educational) and biological. This interaction gives deep complex phenomenon that is fully justified that domain experts could not reach a universally accepted definition. Most definitions of creativity subsumed visions characterized by addressing the concept of aptitude or ability to produce something new, the process to produce new or problem solving. Therefore, the literature is taken as a reference framework or personality variables or creative process or product of the act of creation itself. Modern research on creativity was born in America on her motivation is pragmatic one, namely the lack of personalities creative . The explosion was triggered studies in the field of Guilford s speech at the meeting of the American Psychological Association in 1950. This speech occur in the same year in an article that warned neglect this problem in scientific research. Guilford posted a three-dimensional model of the structure of intellect which opens early emancipation creativity from under oppressive intelligence. In his model, Guilford distinguish between convergent thinking and divergent thinking. Convergent thinking, confronted with a problem, always seek to deduct the fair way to solve them and also to obtain the unique solution : this is the kind of thought checked using conventional tests of intelligence. Divergent thinking rather seek more opportunities for settlement and this method brand new usage given state of knowledge. Guilford revealed three groups of factors involve d in creation : mobility, flexibility and elaboration. In the 1980s , creativity becomes a favorite theme applied psychology studies. A proof of the importance given to this area in the social context of those years is organizing exhibitions dedicated to creativity. This exhibition marks the time of revival of experimental studies in the psychology of creativity and the emergence of a new model and a new methodology, namely the type cognitivist. Lately studies on creativity have expanded the reference. Research revealed relationship between creative thinking and critical thinking and the role of variables such as personal style. Moreover the question of creative potential (which has varying degrees each person) and the importance of stimulation and its development. Content Creativity is a specifically human phenomenon. Most experts agree that creative potential is present in each individual, it is possible to transform it from virtuality to reality (active under the influence of an environment favorable) that stimulate and develop their creative potential. On this idea, saying that P.P. Neveanu human potential and therefore the creative is not a given size permanently. It can be stimulated by a complex socio-educational approach and organized, including simultaneous activation phenomena, training, cultivation and development through creative virtues update by passing them through effective assertion of possible real. We must not forget the distinction between creative potential (the potential latent ) and creativity (the actual act), and the distinction made by Aristotle. Otherwise we could draw hasty conclusion that as long as the premise of the original product creativity is only the privilege of adults, children and even adolescents do not possess creative potential. In fact, he still performs acts of originality, but it does mean that it has the potential. In addition, it was found that there is a specific creative potential by age, it should not be considered the childs potential by adult achievements. Complexity creativity requires the participation of a large number of factors, different in nature. May be noted, however, two types of factors: Objective factors (represented by economic and social conditions necessary for cultural climate) ; Subjective factors (represented by intellectuals factors, skills, attitudes, motivation and willpower ). Factors considered indispensable in the creative process are: flexibility, fluidity and originality. Fluidity is the richness, ease and rapidity of associations between images and ideas flow verbal fluency, rich ideation. J. Guilford fluidity distinguishes three types : verbal, ideational and expression. It considers that it is important so as quality of ideas speed. Flexibility is the effective restructuring of walking thinking in relation to new situations, the ability to easily operate transfer (perceptive plan in the figural and the conceptual) orientation and thinking ability in many different directions ( Carter ) . Guilford distinguish three types of flexibility :figural, semantic and symbolic. P.P. Neveanu consider originality with central factor in creation, since as the number of responses is greater, increase the chance of an original response. Originality defined by rarity and novelty involves interpretation and personal expression of things, common situations . A. Koestler distinguishes ordinary originality by three criteria :a) the level of consciousness that is driven activity, b ) the type of guidance that trusts subject, c ) the nature of the obstacle to be overcome. F. Barron determined following originality : the independence of the reasoning, complex views, nonconformity, rich perceptual systems, high capacity of generalization, self-confidence, authority. Originality makes the product to be characterized by novelty, singularity, freshness, uniqueness. Another factor influencing creativity is perceptive style, apprehension. This factor cognitive reaction designate how to solve problems. Creativity, both at individual and group level may be limited by a number of obstacles (blockage). Among them, in his opinion A.Cosmovici (1998 , pg 154 ) the most common are: Social jams and conformity , mistrust of fantasy, imagination, or exaggerating the value of logical reasoning and so on; Methodological bottlenecks resulting from the processes of thinking, in this category include :stiffness previous algorithms, functional fixity (using only objects according to their function and rarely recognized for another purpose) and premature criticism. Emotional blockages such as :fear of failing, of not embarrass us, rushing to accept the first idea promoted ; discourage rapid and premature , etc. . All these barriers in the way of creative and innovative attitudes event can be avoided when discussing and analyzing problems to be solved is achieved through genuine effective interpersonal and group work through a positive attitude to each group member to common task and through open communication, uncensored opinions. Such an atmosphere is provided especially when, for creativity group is calling and a number of methods and techniques that create relaxation group, less critical condition favoring free association as ideas promoted in the debate. The most effective means for overcoming inertia and psychological barriers in the process of creation is the joint creation of intuitive techniques. The most common methods are intuitive creation: Brainstorming, synectic, Panel Discussion, Philips 66, 6-3-5 method, Delphi method and method Frisco. Brainstorming, or, brain storming, it is an effective method for generating ideas group being drafted in 1948 by the A. Osborn. It is a creative deliberation with the purpose of generating and aligning a set of ideas that can serve as guidance for solving a problem in question. Basic principles of brainstorming are: Postponement of criticism (evaluation) . Osborn believes that imagination should be allowed first to soar up into the sky, then back on the ground with critical thinking ( Osborn, 1971); The need to develop as many ideas on the principle of transformation of quantity into quality. In addition to these basic principles must be respected and other rules such as encouraging the enunciation and ideas seemingly bizarre , unusual, but the analysis can be very effective, it stimulates combining and improving ideas, formulation of ideas generated so personal thinking and that of other group members. Synectics or free association is the method developed by Gordon WI and consists in combining different elements, apparently uncorrelated with the aim of releasing the constraints in the problem formulated, eliminating negative responses, annealing thinking and thinking out the template for the development of original ideas and viable. 6-3-5 method involves six people who initially formulated by 3 ideas each. Figure 5 shows the number of people who worked the first 3 ideas neighbor. The exchange of ideas is done until 3 ideas first pass by each group member. Finally, centralized management ideas and transmitted. Philips 66 method was developed by Philips and JD is actually a brain storming paticipanÃ…Â £i number is 6, and during the discussion is limited to 6 minutes. There are several groups each consisting of six members, each having a leader who realizes report ideas. Delphi method was developed by O. Helmer and consists in mutual consultation between the participants. We develop a questionnaire on the topic in question to be sent for completion of specialists. When the responses are collected. Subsequently return the questionnaires for completion this time accompanied by unarticulated responses of the other participants. Phasing ideas that deviate from the average, the circuit ending once the stabilizing responses. Frisco method aims to discover, to solve difficult problems, complex ways of solving both simple and effective. Involves the formation of two teams. Investigation team, consisting of 12 to 15 persons examined problem solving and re-imagines the classic methods, analyzes them critically and emphasizes basic difficulties. Actual creative team consisting of 5-6 experts, receiving checklist first team, trying to find solutions to enrich new or even existing ones. Lately, experts have focused on developing a program to promote the work of new ways of learning and thinking styles designed to contribute to the foundation for effective learning, sustainable and constructive. Its about promoting methods of developing students critical thinking designed to help them, through the confrontation of ideas through collaboration and cooperation to find appropriate solutions to resolve data issues. This educational program was initiated by Jeannie Steele and Kurtis Meredith in 1995 and today, through the Foundation Open Society based in New York, he is promoted in many countries of the world. In our country, one of the teachers trainers on effective learning strategies and promoting creative thinking in working with pupils and students, Ion. Dumitru, he published The development of critical thinking and effective learning ( West Publishing House, Timisoara, 2000) we present, in summary, the main features of these methods. Firstly it should be noted that, in terms of this concept, critical thinking is not to have a negative position, unrealistic, inefficient but rather critical thinking is a way to address and solve problems constructively, with the purpose of grounding and foundation opinions , rational argumentation their acceptance of their knowledge. It involves : formulation of each pupil / student of his own mind, personal, original possibly related to an issue responsible debate ideas and advanced solutions for each individual individually or as a result of group work, manifesting a high degree of flexibility, tolerance and respect for the ideas of others and thus acceptance of diversity of opinions and ideas and asking questions like what if?, what would happen when? etc. to encourage exploration of phenomena from multiple perspectives, even when some of them are only possible or probable etc . These features of critical thinking and methods used for its development a very close group creativity peculiarities and methods used for its stimulation. Thus, the main methods of developing critical thinking include: a) Think / Pair / Communicate . Based on a question from the teacher, students develop their answers individually, then in pairs to communicate to each other the answers, to listen and try to finally reach a consensus or a new response, improved following discussions; b) the cube method. Helps students to study a theme, a concept from different perspectives , it involves using a cube (real or imagined ) that has different instructions written on each side of it, as follows: Describe, Compare, Associate, Analyze, Apply, Argues. The teacher asks students to write about a particular concept or a theme through all six sides of the cube. It is preferable to follow the order presented because it leads students gradually to complex thinking. c) Technique cluster. It is a technique of teaching and learning that encourages students to think freely and openly, to highlight the various connections between ideas or to build new associations between them. Technology cluster may be used individually, but used group enables each student to become acquainted with the ideas of others, links and associations between them made by his colleagues. d) joint investigation and discussion network. It is a learning technique based on group work, activity guided by one or more questions asked by the teacher, admitting different answers, the result of choices based on arguments. This method involves: reading by students individually, text that contains ideas likely different interpretations, grouping students into pairs and their collaboration to answer one or more questions asked by the teacher to the whole class setting a discussion networks between the advocates of a position to produce the necessary arguments and counter counter-arguments supporting it. In work -based training group investigation and discussion network, several requirements must be met: encouraging participation of all group members in discussions to achieve joint investigation and summarizing the arguments of the group with the agreement of all participants, focusing on the â€Å"dismantling adverse position and arguments not personal attack. Such a method of training helps the students acquire some skills and abilities related to: receptivity to arguments offered in support of their beliefs, the ability to make assumptions about the beliefs and the beliefs of others, the ability of everyone to express open and disagreement in a problem free, creative ability as evidenced by the construction of original cognitive approaches, but also strongly motivated etc. Conclusions This brief overview of some of the methods and techniques for developing creative thinking by teachers in the activities with groups of pupils/students is able to provide just one example of their concern for creating adequate conditions to achieve effective learning, and to enhance their creative and innovative capacity. Communication is the tool by which the teacher stimulates the creativity of pupils/students and also the way they externalize their creative potential. Creation itself is the result of symbiosis of communication between teacher and student. Therefore the act of learning focus should be not on the reproduction of information transmitted, but the creation of new ideas that reflect each students personal touch. Therefore, obedience school groups and generally any grouping of scientific research conducted from the perspective of the psychology of new acquisitions can provide teachers and other professionals effective ways of optimizing the activity. These methods and techniques of research in psycho-sociology of human groups are meant to decipher various ways of investigating social groups, structures and processes that arise within it.